Unit 7 Present perfect 1 (I have done) 現在完成式 (1)
A.Study this example situation:閱讀例句
1.Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it.
→Tom正在找他的鑰匙。他找不到。
2.He has lost his key.
→他弄丟了他的鑰匙。
3.He has lost his key = He lost it recently, and he still doesn't have it.
→他弄丟了他的鑰匙=他最近弄丟了，而且他依然沒有找到
Have/has lost is the present perfect simple:
I/we/they/you have(= I've etc.) finished/decided etc
He/she/it has (= he's etc.) lost/done/written etc.
The present perfect simple is have/has + past participle. The past participle often ends in –ed (finished/decided etc.), but many important verbs are irregular (lost/done/written etc.).
過去完成簡單式是have/has +過去分詞。
過去分詞字尾時常加–ed (finished/decided etc.), 但很多重要的動詞是不規則的 (lost/done/written etc.)
B.When we say that "something has happened", this is usually new information:
當我們說"某事已經發生了"，這通常都是新的資訊
1.Ow! I've cut my finger.
→喔!我切到我的手指了
2.The road is closed. There's been (there has been) an accident.
→這路段被關閉。那裡有發生一場意外。
3.(from the news) Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.
→(新聞)警方已經逮捕2個和搶劫案有關的人。
When we use the present perfect, there is a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now:
當我們使用現在完成式時，是和現在有關聯的。這個在過去的活動現在已經有結果了。
1."Where's you key?" "I don't know. I've lost it." (= I don't have it now)
→"你的鑰匙在哪?" "我不知道，我弄丟了" (=我現在還沒找到)
2.He told me his name, but I've forgotten it. (= I can't remember it now)
→他告訴我他的名字，但我已經忘記了 (我現在記不得了)
3."Is Sally here? " "No, she's gone out. " (= she is out now)
→"Sally在這嗎?" "不，她已經出去了" (他現在外出了)
4.I can't find my bag. Have you seen it? (= Do you know where it is now?)
→我找不到我的包包。你有看到嗎? (=你知道我的包包現在在哪嗎?)
C. You can use the present perfect with just, already and yet.
你可以使用現在完成式和just, already 和yet聯用
Just = a short time ago: 短暫的時間以前
1."Are you hungry?" "No, I've just had lunch."
→"你餓了嗎?" "不，我已經有吃午餐了" (不久之前已經吃了)
2.Hello. Have you just arrived?
→哈囉。你已經到了嗎? (在不久之前你已經到了嗎)
3.We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected:
→我們使用already去表達某事發生的比預期快
4."Don't forget to send the letter." "I've already sent it."
→"不要忘記去寄信" "我已經寄了"
5."What time is Mark leaving?" "He's already gone."
→"Mark要什麼時候離開?" "他已經走了"
Yet = until now.
Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen.
Use yet only in questions and negative sentences:
Yet =直到現在。
Yet表示說話者期望某事發生。
Yet只用在疑問句和否定句
1.Has it stopped raining yet?
→雨已經停了嗎?
2.I've written the letter, but I haven't sent it yet.
→我已經寫了信，但我還沒寄。
D. Note the difference between gone (to) and been (to):
注意gone (to)和been (to)的差別性:
1.Jim is on holiday. He has gone to Italy. (= he is there now or on his way there)
→Jim在度假中。他已經到義大利了 (=他現在已經到那或他在要去那的路上了)
2.Jane is back home now, She has been to Italy. (= she has now come back)
→Jane現在回家了，她已經去過義大利 (=她現在已經從義大利回來)
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